Name: 
 

Introduction to Plants


Modified True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false.  If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the sentence or statement true.
 

1. 
All plants are eukaryotes that contain many cells. _________________________

 

2. 
Some plants use gametes to transport substances from one part of their body to another. _________________________

 

3. 
In plants, sexual reproduction occurs when a sperm cell and an egg cell unite to form a zygote. _________________________

 

4. 
During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and water combine to produce sugar and oxygen. _________________________

 

5. 
A moss is a type of vascular plant. _________________________

 

6. 
Nonvascular plants use rigid stems for support. _________________________

 

7. 
The gametophyte generation of a moss has structures that look like roots, a stem, and leaves. _________________________

 

8. 
Ferns use spores to reproduce. _________________________

 

9. 
The mature leaves of a fern are called fiddleheads. _________________________

 

10. 
Scientists use hydroponics to alter a plant's genetic material and make the plant produce more food. _________________________

 

Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

11. 
All plants are
a.
autotrophs.
b.
unicellular.
c.
heterotrophs.
d.
prokaryotes.
 

12. 
Photosynthesis in plants produces
a.
oxygen and carbon dioxide.
b.
carbon dioxide and water.
c.
sugar and oxygen.
d.
water and sugar.
 

13. 
The raw materials of photosynthesis are
a.
sugar and water.
b.
sugar and oxygen.
c.
carbon dioxide and oxygen.
d.
carbon dioxide and water.
 

14. 
The energy that powers photosynthesis comes from
a.
water.
b.
chemicals.
c.
oxygen.
d.
the sun.
 

15. 
The adaptation that helps plants retain water is the
a.
vascular tissue
b.
zygote
c.
leaf
d.
cuticle
 

16. 
Groups of similar cells that perform a specific function are called
a.
gametes.
b.
chloroplasts.
c.
tissues.
d.
vacuoles.
 

17. 
What stage produces the egg cells and sperm cells during the life cycle of a plant?
a.
gametes
b.
gametophyte
c.
sporophyte
d.
zygotes
 

18. 
The spores that plants produce develop into the
a.
gametes.
b.
zygotes.
c.
sporophyte stage.
d.
gametophyte stage.
 

19. 
Which is NOT a characteristic of a plant's vascular tissue?
a.
It transports water and food inside the plant.
b.
It supports the plant's stems and leaves.
c.
It positions the plant's leaves closer to the sun.
d.
It transports egg and sperm cells for reproduction.
 

20. 
It is easy for algae to absorb water because algae
a.
live in water.
b.
can absorb water from soil.
c.
only live in rainy areas.
d.
contain a lot of minerals.
 

21. 
The umbrella-shaped sporophyte of a liverwort is necessary for
a.
transportation of water.
b.
absorption of water.
c.
photosynthesis.
d.
reproduction.
 

22. 
Where does sphagnum moss grow?
a.
moist soil
b.
bogs
c.
rocks by a stream
d.
tree trunks
 

23. 
Nonvascular plants differ from vascular plants in
a.
how they make food.
b.
where they obtain water and nutrients.
c.
how they transport water and nutrients.
d.
how they reproduce.
 

24. 
All of the following organisms are nonvascular plants EXCEPT
a.
mosses
b.
liverworts
c.
lichens
d.
hornworts
 

25. 
The part of a moss that absorbs water and nutrients from the soil is the
a.
rhizoid.
b.
stalk.
c.
capsule.
d.
gametophyte.
 

26. 
The part of a moss in which spores are produced is called the
a.
rhizoid.
b.
stalk.
c.
capsule.
d.
gametophyte.
 

27. 
The part of a moss plant that has leaflike structures is the
a.
rhizoid.
b.
sporophyte
c.
capsule.
d.
gametophyte.
 

28. 
Which of the following is NOT a reason why mosses are important?
a.
gardening
b.
food
c.
fuel
d.
forest regrowth
 

29. 
Which fern characteristic does a moss lack?
a.
produces spores and gametes
b.
has a gametophyte and a sporophyte
c.
needs water for reproduction
d.
has vascular tissue
 

30. 
Which two characteristics do ferns and their relatives share?
a.
vascular tissue and spores
b.
vascular tissue and seeds
c.
vascular tissue and leaflike structures
d.
vascular tissue and underground stems
 

31. 
Which factor did NOT play a role in creating today's coal deposits?
a.
ferns and their relatives
b.
partial decomposition of dead plants
c.
a 100-year time span
d.
weight of compressed layers of dead plants
 

32. 
Which characteristic do club mosses and ferns share?
a.
Their leaves are called fronds.
b.
They are vascular plants.
c.
They are seed plants.
d.
They have jointed stems.
 

33. 
What parts of a fern grow underground?
a.
roots and fiddleheads
b.
roots and stems
c.
stems and leaves
d.
stems and fronds
 

34. 
A fern's fronds are
a.
leaves.
b.
roots.
c.
stems.
d.
spores.
 

35. 
Ferns produce spores
a.
in fiddleheads.
b.
in an underground stem.
c.
in a new gametophyte.
d.
on the underside of fronds.
 

36. 
Why must ferns live in moist environments?
a.
to transport spores to new locations
b.
to transport water to all cells
c.
so that egg and sperm cells can join
d.
so that fiddleheads develop for food
 

37. 
Which of the following is NOT a major source of food for people on Earth?
a.
wheat
b.
soy beans
c.
rice
d.
corn
 

38. 
Which of the following is NOT a tool used in precision farming?
a.
hydroponics
b.
tractor
c.
computer
d.
satellite imaging
 

39. 
A benefit of hydroponics is that it
a.
saves money.
b.
reduces the use of fertilizer.
c.
enables crops to grow in areas with poor soil.
d.
creates insect-resistant crops.
 

40. 
What process produces plants that can grow in a wider range of climates?
a.
satellite imaging
b.
genetic engineering
c.
hydroponics
d.
precision farming
 

Completion
Complete each sentence or statement.
 

41. 
The chemical reactions of photosynthesis require energy from ____________________.
 

 

42. 
The gas used as a raw material in photosynthesis is ____________________.
 

 

43. 
A waxy, waterproof layer called the ____________________ covers the leaves of most plants.
 

 

44. 
A(n) ____________________ is a group of similar cells that perform a specific function in an organism.
 

 

45. 
Sperm cells and egg cells are two kinds of sex cells, or ____________________.
 

 

46. 
In a plant's life cycle, a spore develops into a stage known as the ____________________.
 

 

47. 
A hornwort is an example of a(n) ____________________ plant.
 

 

48. 
____________________ plants do not have a complex system to transport water, nutrients, and food through their bodies.
 

 

49. 
Without ____________________ tissue, mosses cannot grow very large.
 

 

50. 
Thin, rootlike structures called ____________________ anchor mosses to the ground.
 

 

51. 
The ____________________ generation of a moss consists of a slender stalk with a capsule at the end.
 

 

52. 
The capsule at the end of a moss contains ____________________.
 

 

53. 
Ferns, club mosses, and ____________________ are the three groups of seedless vascular plants.
 

 

54. 
Seedless vascular plants differ from ____________________ plants in that they have true leaves, stems, and roots.
 

 

55. 
A fern's vascular tissue transports the fern's food and water and ____________________ the fern's body.
 

 

56. 
The stems of most ferns are located ____________________.
 

 

57. 
A fern's spores develop in tiny cases on the underside of its leaves. These leaves are called ____________________.
 

 

58. 
Because of the way the developing leaves of many ferns look, these immature leaves are called ____________________.
 

 

59. 
The practice of growing plants in solutions of nutrients instead of soil is called ____________________.
 

 

60. 
In ____________________, scientists alter an organism's genetic material to produce an organism with qualities that people find useful.
 

 

Short Answer
 
 
introduction_to_pla_files/i0650000.jpg
 

61. 
What stage, or generation, is plant A in the diagram?
 

62. 
What types of cells are the structures labeled C in the diagram?
 

63. 
What stage, or generation, are the plants labeled B in the diagram?
 

64. 
How are the structures labeled D and E in the diagram alike?
 

65. 
How are the structures labeled D and E in the diagram different?
 

66. 
What process results in the production of a zygote?
 
 
introduction_to_pla_files/i0720000.jpg
 

67. 
Identify the structure labeled A in the diagram, and tell what it contains.
 

68. 
What generation does the structure labeled B represent? What generation does the structure labeled C represent?
 

69. 
Identify the structure labeled D in the diagram, and describe its function.
 

70. 
Is the plant in the diagram a vascular or nonvascular plant? Explain your answer.
 

71. 
How can plants like the moss shown in the diagram survive without a complex transportation system to carry substances through their bodies?
 

72. 
Which part(s) of the moss shown in the diagram are the most likely places for photosynthesis to occur? Explain your reasoning.
 

Essay
 

73. 
What characteristics do plants share?
 

74. 
A scientist develops a chemical that breaks down wax. Explain why this chemical might make an effective weed killer, especially in a dry environment.
 

75. 
Why would plant growers add extra carbon dioxide to the air that flows through their greenhouses?
 

76. 
Would you be surprised to learn that liverworts often grow along the sides of streams, and hornworts live in moist soil? Explain your answer.
 

77. 
What is the advantage for a moss in having a capsule at the end of a stalk that extends above the rest of the plant?
 

78. 
If you came across a tall plant in a forest, would you think it was a vascular plant or a nonvascular plant? Explain why.
 

79. 
Suppose someone showed you a mature frond that had been cut from a fern. How could you tell which side of the frond was the top side and which was the underside?
 

80. 
Suppose you just purchased some farmland. Explain some things you might do to help you produce better crop yields.
 



 
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