Modified True/False
Indicate
whether the sentence or statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or
phrase to make the sentence or statement true.
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1.
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The
passing of traits from parents to offspring is called genetics.
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2.
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Probability is the likelihood that a particular event will
happen.
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3.
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If a
coin lands heads up once, then there is a 75 percent chance that the coin will land heads up
the next time.
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4.
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Chromosomes are made up of proteins joined together like beads on a
string.
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5.
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Unlike DNA, RNA contains the nitrogen base uracil.
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Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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6.
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Gregor Mendel's work was the foundation for understanding why a. | the results of
one genetic cross do not affect the outcome of a second cross. | c. | protein synthesis occurs in the
cytoplasm. | b. | sex cells have half the number of chromosomes as body
cells. | d. | offspring have
traits similar to those of their parents. | | | | |
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7.
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An
allele whose trait always shows up in an organism when the allele is present is a a. | gene | c. | recessive
allele | b. | dominant allele | d. | hereditary factor | | | | |
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8.
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An
organism's phenotype is its a. | physical appearance. | c. | allele combination. | b. | genetic
makeup. | d. | probability of
occurring. | | | | |
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9.
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For
codominant traits, heterozygotes have the phenotype of a. | both
alleles. | c. | neither the
dominant nor the recessive allele. | b. | only the recessive allele. | d. | only the dominant allele. | | | | |
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10.
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The
process by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half to form sex cells is a. | protein
synthesis. | c. | meiosis. | b. | heredity. | d. | probability. | | | | |
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11.
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During meiosis, sex cells form when chromosome pairs are a. | doubled. | c. | separated. | b. | copied. | d. | combined. | | | | |
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12.
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The
cytoplasm is the part of the cell in which a. | DNA is located. | c. | chromosomes are located. | b. | proteins are
made. | d. | RNA is
made. | | | | |
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13.
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In
the first step of protein synthesis, a. | messenger RNA attaches to a
ribosome. | c. | the ribosome
releases the completed protein chain. | b. | messenger RNA is made using DNA as the
pattern. | d. | transfer RNA
carries a specific amino acid to the ribosome. | | | | |
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14.
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In
the genetic code, a group of three nitrogen bases codes for the attachment of a
specific a. | messenger
RNA | c. | transfer
RNA | b. | protein | d. | amino
acid | | | | |
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15.
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A
mutation that causes disease resistance in potatoes is a(n) a. | harmful
mutation | c. | helpful
mutation | b. | neutral mutation | d. | environmental mutation | | | | |
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Completion
Complete each sentence or
statement.
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16.
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Traits are controlled by __________________ of genes.
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17.
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When
a plant has two recessive alleles for short stems, its alleles are written as
_____________.
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18.
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A(n)
__________________ organism has two different alleles for a trait.
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19.
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According to the chromosome theory of inheritance, ________________ are carried from
parents to offspring on chromosomes.
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20.
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A
________________ is a change in a gene or chromosome.
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Short Answer
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21.
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Use
the diagram below to answer questions 21 through 25.
Classifying:
What are the genotypes of the offspring?
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22.
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Classifying:
What are their phenotypes?
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23.
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Calculating:
What percentage of the offspring will have short
hair?
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24.
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Calculating:
What percentage will have long hair?
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25.
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Applying Concepts:
Suppose the heterozygous short-haired cat parent was
replaced with a homozygous short-haired cat.
What would be
the genotypes of the offspring?
What would be their phenotypes?
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Essay
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26.
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Green
(G) is the dominant color for pods in pea plants. Yellow (g) is recessive.
Is it possible
to have a heterozygous yellow pod? Explain.
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27.
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Describe what occurs during the process of protein synthesis.
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28.
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Using
the figure below to answer questions 28 through 30.  .
Applying Concepts:
What process is
illustrated in the figure above?
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29.
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Inferring:
Which strand of the DNA molecule, A or B, was used to produce
the messenger RNA? Explain your answer.
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30.
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Interpreting Diagrams:
What
three-letter code tells that a new protein is starting? What three-letter code tells that the protein
is completed?
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31.
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Explain how you could determine whether the seeds in a packet of round pea seeds have
the genotype RR or Rr, in which R represents round seeds
and r represents wrinkled seeds.
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32.
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Why
is messenger RNA necessary for protein synthesis?
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