Modified True/False
Indicate
whether the sentence or statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or
phrase to make the sentence or statement true.
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1.
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All
birds have hearts with four chambers. _________________________
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2.
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Birds
have contour feathers that are specialized to trap heat.
_________________________
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3.
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The
toes of perching birds can automatically lock onto a branch.
_________________________
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4.
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The
shells of bird eggs are harder than the shells of reptile eggs.
_________________________
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5.
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During flight, the air above the wing exerts less pressure than the air beneath
the wing. _________________________
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6.
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During flight, air moves faster over the lower surface of each wing.
_________________________
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7.
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All
mammals are endothermic vertebrates. _________________________
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8.
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Sharply pointed teeth that stab food and tear into it are called incisors.
_________________________
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9.
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Marsupial mammals are at a(n) later stage of development at birth than
placental mammals are at birth. _________________________
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10.
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The
gestation period of marsupials is longer than that of placental mammals.
_________________________
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Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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11.
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Birds
are the only animals that have a. | scales. | b. | feathers. | c. | nests. | d. | a heart with
four chambers. | | |
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12.
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Evidence indicates that birds are descended from a. | reptiles. | b. | mammals. | c. | insects. | d. | segmented worms | | |
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13.
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A
bird's nearly hollow bones help it to a. | build a nest. | b. | deliver oxygen
to its cells. | c. | fly. | d. | defend itself against predators. | | |
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14.
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Feathers keep a bird warm by a. | giving the bird a streamlined shape. | b. | helping a bird
sweat. | c. | trapping air next to the bird's body. | d. | raising the
temperature of the environment. | | |
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15.
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Some
birds swallow small stones, which help the birds a. | fly faster. | b. | keep
warm. | c. | stay flexible. | d. | digest
food. | | |
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16.
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Where
do many birds store food that they are not ready to digest? a. | in the
crop | b. | in the
gizzard | c. | in the stomach | d. | in the air
sacs | | |
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17.
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Which
of these structures help birds get enough oxygen? a. | air sacs | b. | feathers | c. | gizzards | d. | bones | | |
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18.
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The
toes of perching birds are adapted to help the birds a. | wade in
water. | b. | lock onto a branch. | c. | walk across
ice. | d. | crack seeds
open. | | |
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19.
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What
adaptation helps an ostrich survive in its environment? a. | It uses its
broad bill to catch underwater animals. | b. | It uses its strong legs to run away from
predators. | c. | It uses its large feathers to keep itself
warm. | d. | It uses its long neck to burrow into
sand. | | |
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20.
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Birds
play an important role in the environment by a. | creating air currents with their
wings. | b. | providing feathers for down jackets. | c. | carrying seeds
to new locations. | d. | helping to eliminate air pollution. | | |
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21.
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As a
bird's wing moves forward through the air, the air pressure on the wing a. | goes
away. | b. | pushes the wing downward. | c. | is greater above
the wing than beneath it. | d. | is less above the wing than beneath
it. | | |
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22.
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What
is the name of the upward force that enables a bird to fly? a. | lift | b. | gravity | c. | air
pressure | d. | flight path | | |
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23.
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Which
type of flight requires the bird to exert the most energy? a. | gliding | b. | soaring | c. | diving | d. | flapping | | |
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24.
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During soaring flight, a bird a. | rises on a current of warm air. | b. | coasts downward
through the air. | c. | moves its wings rapidly. | d. | folds its wings
against its body. | | |
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25.
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Which
characteristic is common to all mammals? a. | They are ectotherms. | b. | Their hearts
have four chambers. | c. | Their skin is completely covered with hair or
fur. | d. | Their young are
born alive. | | |
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26.
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The
earliest mammals were a. | large animals that looked a lot like today's
elephants. | b. | small, mouse-sized animals. | c. | flying
mammals. | d. | mammals that did not feed their young with
milk. | | |
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27.
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Mammals are probably descended from a. | birds. | b. | arthropods. | c. | mollusks. | d. | reptiles. | | |
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28.
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Unlike most mammals, bats are able to a. | fly. | b. | swim. | c. | walk. | d. | crawl. | | |
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29.
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Fur
is an adaptation that allows mammals to a. | care for their young. | b. | find
prey. | c. | survive in cold climates. | d. | let their body
heat escape. | | |
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30.
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A
strand of hair or fur is composed of a. | dead cells. | b. | living
cells. | c. | scales. | d. | a rubberlike
material. | | |
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31.
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The
large muscle that enables mammals to breathe in and out is called the a. | lung. | b. | respiratory muscle. | c. | cardiac
muscle. | d. | diaphragm. | | |
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32.
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How
many types of teeth are found in mammals?
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33.
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Most
mammals have four different types of teeth: incisors, canines, premolars, and
molars.
What is the function of canine teeth in most
mammals? a. | to stab food and
tear into it | b. | to bite off and cut parts of food | c. | to shred and
grind food into small bits | d. | to scrape small pieces from the surface of
food | | |
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34.
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What
characteristic is used to classify a mammal species as a monotreme, marsupial, or placental
mammal? a. | the environment
in which it lives | b. | how much hair or fur it has | c. | the structure of
its brain | d. | the way in which its young develop | | |
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35.
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Which
type of mammal lays eggs? a. | marsupial | b. | monotreme | c. | placental mammal | d. | marine
mammal | | |
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36.
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Which
of these animals is a monotreme? a. | duck-billed platypus | b. | kangaroo | c. | whale | d. | mouse | | |
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37.
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A
mammal's gestation period is the length of time a. | during which the mammal is dependent on its
mother. | b. | between fertilization and birth. | c. | between
egg-laying and hatching. | d. | for which it hibernates. | | |
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38.
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Where
does a placental mammal develop before its body systems can function independently? a. | inside its
mother's body | b. | in a pouch on its mother's body | c. | in a nest near
its mother's body | d. | inside an egg that is protected by the
mother | | |
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39.
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The
function of the placenta is to a. | pass materials between the mother and an
embryo. | b. | protect an embryo from heat and cold. | c. | keep an embryo
inside its mother. | d. | prevent an embryo from drying out. | | |
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40.
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Which
mammals have the longest gestation period? a. | insect-eaters such as moles | b. | hoofed mammals
such as zebras | c. | large mammals such as elephants | d. | gnawing mammals
such as squirrels | | |
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Completion
Complete each sentence or
statement.
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41.
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Birds
have ____________________ feathers that give shape to their bodies.
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42.
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A
bird's ____________________ churns and grinds food.
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43.
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Birds
have ____________________ that connect to the lungs and increase the amount of oxygen birds can take
in.
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44.
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After
birds swallow food, they store it in their ____________________.
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45.
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The
structure of a duck's ____________________ enables the duck to filter food from water.
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46.
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Birds
help plants to ____________________ by carrying pollen and seeds from one place to
another.
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47.
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The
speed at which an ostrich can ____________________ helps it escape from predators.
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48.
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The
two-loop circulatory system of a bird is efficient at delivering ____________________ to
cells.
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49.
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The
type of flying that requires the most energy is called ____________________.
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50.
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The
difference in pressure above and below a bird's wing produces an upward force called
____________________.
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51.
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The
type of flight in which birds rise on currents of warm air is called
____________________.
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52.
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During ____________________ flight, a bird coasts downward through the
air.
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53.
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A
large muscle called the ____________________, which is located at the bottom of the chest, helps
mammals to breathe.
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54.
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The
number of chambers in a mammal's heart is ____________________.
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55.
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Mammary glands are organs that produce ____________________.
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56.
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Mammals have an insulating material called ____________________ beneath their
skins.
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57.
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Mammals that lay eggs are known as ____________________.
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58.
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The
group of mammals with the fewest number of species is ____________________.
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59.
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Pregnant female monotremes and marsupials lack a ____________________, which is an
organ that passes materials between an embryo and its mother.
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60.
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Humans, monkeys, and apes belong to the group of placental mammals known as
____________________.
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Short Answer
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61.
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Identify structure A and explain its function.
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62.
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Is
the structure of the bird's bill, shown by B, adapted to sweeping underwater to search for food?
Explain why or why not.
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63.
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What
is the organ indicated by C? How does the structure of this organ differ from the structure of the
same kind of organ in an adult amphibian?
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64.
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What
is the organ indicated by D? What is its function?
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65.
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Look
carefully at the bird's foot, indicated by E. Do you think this bird paddles through water or perches
on objects? Use the structure of the foot to explain your conclusion.
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66.
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What
type of feather is indicated by F? What is the function of this type of feather?
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Characteristics of Bird and Mammals
Animal
A | Animal
B | Animal
C | Cannot
fly | Can fly | Can fly | Lays
eggs | Lays eggs | Does not lay eggs | Has a diaphragm | Has a
gizzard | Has hair | Has webbed feet | Has webbed feet | Has webbed
fingers | Has a
bill | Has a bill | Has teeth | | | |
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67.
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Is
animal A a bird or a mammal? Explain your reasoning.
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68.
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Is
animal B a bird or a mammal? Explain your reasoning.
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69.
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Is
animal C a bird or a mammal? Explain your reasoning.
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70.
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Decide whether each mammal in the table is a monotreme, a marsupial, or a placental
mammal. Explain your reasoning.
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71.
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Are
any of the animals in the table ectotherms? Explain.
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72.
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In
which of the kinds of animals in the table do the females have mammary glands?
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Essay
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73.
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How
do parent birds usually care for their eggs? Why is this care necessary?
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74.
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Describe the path that blood follows through a bird's circulatory system. Begin with
the right side of the heart. In your answer, explain where the blood picks up oxygen and where it
releases the oxygen to the bird's body cells.
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75.
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A
gardener sees birds land in her garden. She worries that the birds may damage the plants. Why is it
important to identify the birds before deciding whether to scare them away?
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76.
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Describe the three types of flying and how much wing movement is involved in
each.
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77.
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If an
animal does not have four legs, can it be a mammal? Explain.
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78.
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What
are two differences in the ways birds and most mammals reproduce and care for their
young?
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79.
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How
are marsupials different from placental mammals?
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80.
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How
are monotremes similar to reptiles in the way that they reproduce? Identify three ways in which
monotremes are different from reptiles.
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